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Pericarp  [ Botany ]
Synonym: Fruit wall

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

     
  A pericarp  is the ripened and variously modified wall of a fruit, developed from the ovary wall  
     
It is the part of a fruit that surrounds the seed or seeds, which consists of three distinct or dissimilar layers:

1. Epicarp or exocarp (the outer layer, the skin)
2. Mesocarp (the central layer, usually fleshy)
3. Endocarp (the inner layer, usually woody the stone or pit)

 


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Holdfast roots  [ Botany  ]

Dictionary of botanic terminology - index of names

 
     
  Some species of climbing plants develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place.  
     
Climbing plants, like the poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans),  develop holdfast roots which help to support the vines on trees, walls, and rocks. By forcing their way into minute pores and crevices, they hold the plant firmly in place. Usually the Holdfast roots die at the end of the first season, but in some species they are perennial. In the tropics some of the large climbing plants have hold-fast roots by which they attach themselves, and long, cord-like roots that extend downward through the air and may lengthen and branch for several years until they strike the soil and become absorbent roots.

Major references and further lectures:
1) E. N. Transeau “General Botany” Discovery Publishing House, 1994
     

 

 

 

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